Dear Customer, so sorry to tell you that this adapter won't allow your nikon 1 s1 lenses to mount to my canon t2i. 

Yes. I have the same lens and adaptor on my Sony a7ll and it works beautifully. The m42 is also known as the 'universal' mount as other 3rd party camera and lenses also used it. I own 6 other K&F e-mount adaptors to different lens makers (ltm, MD, CF/CD, Nikon) and they all are well built with a nice snug fit. Highly recommended. 

The adapter is designed for Nikon lenses, including D mount. If the Tamron fits the Nikon D80 it should work. As for the lack of aperture ring on the Tamron ... not sure about that. Perhaps the Nikon D80 has an in camera aperture selection. 

Firstly, let's talk whether you need Nikon AI adapter ring or Nikon G adapter ring.
If your lens mount is AI, please choose AI one, if it is G please choose G one, there difference between them is G adapter ring with a aperture control ring.
If you want to use Nikon AI lens on this Nikon(G) adapter ring, it could be attached, but the aperture control ring could not be used，as there is a pin on Nikon G lens that could move the aperture control ring but no on AI lens.
So why have a separate adapter for the lenses with the 'G' designation? While the G lenses are the still the same physical F mount, the G indicator means there is no aperture dial on the lens itself. So while the G lenses will physically fit the standard F mount cameras and adapters, there is no way at all to change the f-stop on the lens. The adapters marked as Nikon G Mount are specifically made for those lenses in mind and have a dial built into them that allows you to control the lens iris from the adapter!
so here let's discuss the 4 items
KF06.068 AI mount, aluminum material
KF06.286 AI mount, with 1/4 Female thread screw for mounting onto the tripod
KF06.309 Ai mount, cooper material
KF06.070 G mount, aluminum material
 

No, this adapter is for the older manual focus Minolta Rokkor MC and MD lenses. If you want to autofocus and aperture control you will need the Sony LA-EA4. (the lower cost Sony LA-EA3 will electronically connect A mount lenses but you will have to manually focus.)