the outside (female) threads is 58mm. 

Could you please update us your full Minolta lens model ?as Minolta has MD MC and AF mount, K&F Concept MD-M4/3 is suitable for: Lens: Minolta MD MC Mount lens(not for Minolta AF mount: KF06.157) Camera: Micro 4/3 (MFT) mount mirrorless camera like Olympus PEN, OM-D series, Panasonic Lumix DMC-G1, G2, G3, G10, GX1, GH1, GH2, GF1, GF2, GF3, GF5, GH4, Panasonic AG-AF100 Mirrorless Digital Cameras, Black Magic Pocket Cinema Camera (BMPCC) 

Yes. I have the same lens and adaptor on my Sony a7ll and it works beautifully. The m42 is also known as the 'universal' mount as other 3rd party camera and lenses also used it. I own 6 other K&F e-mount adaptors to different lens makers (ltm, MD, CF/CD, Nikon) and they all are well built with a nice snug fit. Highly recommended. 

Yes, the Nikkor 50mm 1.4d is an f mount lens so it should adapt just fine. 

No, this adapter is for the older manual focus Minolta Rokkor MC and MD lenses. If you want to autofocus and aperture control you will need the Sony LA-EA4. (the lower cost Sony LA-EA3 will electronically connect A mount lenses but you will have to manually focus.)