I use one on a Pentax 24-70mm filter size 82mm. Just make sure you buy the right size for your lens. I have the nd1000, and I am very happy with result. They also sell adaptor step down for your other lens. 

Yes. I have the same lens and adaptor on my Sony a7ll and it works beautifully. The m42 is also known as the 'universal' mount as other 3rd party camera and lenses also used it. I own 6 other K&F e-mount adaptors to different lens makers (ltm, MD, CF/CD, Nikon) and they all are well built with a nice snug fit. Highly recommended. 

Yes, the Nikkor 50mm 1.4d is an f mount lens so it should adapt just fine. 

I don't have that lens with me. On the inside of its lenscap and on the ID on the lens, there should be the size of filter needed. If it requires a 58 then you are fine. There are also adapters to go up or down. 

I actually have not received this adapter yet. It's shipping from China. Don't think that was disclosed in the ad. However, I do not believe this is for the Pentax Q body rather for digital and film cameras that take the Pentax K mount in its many variations. So I'm expecting to be able to mount my Leica M mount lenses on my digital and film Pentax K mount cameras, no autofocus or relay of exposure information, only to be used with manual focus and exposure.